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Module 1: Building the ability to work with people from different communities, disciplines, and functions |
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Michael Wildt, Sandra Hogeforster, Anna-Maria Czarny, Christian Wildt |
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Open innovation requires working with people from outside of your organization. Often these people come from different cultures, backgrounds, and communities. Working with such diverse teams is a crucial component for success in innovative teams. To prevent diverse backgrounds to be an obstacle, certain aspects must be considered. After reading this module the reader will receive an overview of different aspects of cultures, how to work with them, and use diversity as an advantage. In addition, different psychological concepts will be explained that facilitate working in teams and reaching the maximum potential of each co-worker. Certain features of your organizational structure will be questioned. To ensure the success of any open innovation strategy with workers from outside of your company cross-functional teams have to be built and work well together. Lastly, setting the right goals and the right long or short-term focus must be thought through when applying any innovation strategy. Especially when it comes to open innovation strategies supervisors must be ready for new perspectives. The ability to work with people from different communities, disciplines, and functions can be learned or enhanced and is the fundament of any open innovation strategy. |
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Upon completing this module, you should be able to: |
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Social Facilitation and Social Loafing
Multiple studies noticed that bicyclists performed better when riding with others. The effect has been named social facilitation. It is a psychological concept that refers to the tendency for the presence of others to increase a person’s performance on a task.
But the presence of others can also have the opposite effect. Max Ringelmann, a French agricultural engineer, described the Ringelmann effect, often known as social loafing. Ringelmann conducted a series of now-famous tests to investigate how farm laborers could enhance their production. In one experiment, he used a pressure gauge attached to a rope to measure the pulling strength of a gathering of people. Ringelmann noticed that as more persons were recruited to pull the rope, everyone performed at a lower level. If two persons could separately pull 200 units, they could only pull 186 units jointly.
When managing a team, it should be carefully assessed if your organization can benefit from the social facilitation effect or suffer from the Ringelmann effect.